Evaluation of transport and storage properties in the soil and groundwater zone from induced polarization measurements1

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Abstract
Spectral induced polarization as well as complex electrical measurements are used to estimate, on a non‐invasive basis, hydraulic permeability in aquifers. Basic laboratory measurements on a variety of shaly sands, silts and clays showed that the main feature of their conductivity spectra in the frequency range from 10‐3 to 103 Hertz is a nearly constant phase angle. Thus, a constant‐phase‐angle model of electrical conductivity is applied to interpret quantitatively surface and borehole spectral induced polarization measurements. The model allows for the calculation of two independent electrical parameters from only one frequency scan and a simple separation of electrical volume and interface effects. The proposed interpretation algorithm yields the true formation factor, the cation exchange capacity and the surface‐area‐to‐porosity ratio, which corresponds to the inverse hydraulic radius. Using a Kozeny–Carman‐like equation, the estimation of hydraulic permeability is possible.