Chloroplast DNA Phylogenetic Affinities of Newly Described Species in Glycine (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae)

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Abstract
Chloroplast DNA variation was used as a simple and rapid means to produce phylogenetic hypotheses for three newly described species of Glycine subg. Glycine. The presence or absence of 43 restriction site characters previously described in a cpDNA survey of the entire subgenus, and five new characters reported here, was determined for seven accessions representing G. albicans, G. hirticaulis, and G. lactovirens, and two accessions of G. falcata, a species to which two of these new species are thought to be related. All of the new species are shown to belong to the A chloroplast genome (plastome) group, one of three major clades in the subgenus, among whose species are G. falcata. However, within this major clade none of the new species shared their closest affinities with chloroplast DNAs of G. falcata, but rather with plastomes of a group of five species forming a separate clade within the A genome. These results, if indicative of organismal phylogenies, suggest that habitual amphicarpy has developed independently in G. falcata and G. albicans. Chloroplast DNA polymorphism, common elsewhere in the subgenus, was observed in G. hirticaulis, G. lactovirens, and G. falcata.