Biodegradable Microspheres: Vaccine Delivery System for Oral Immunization

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Abstract
The potential of biocompatible and biodegradable microspheres as a controlled release oral vaccine delivery system has been examined. Orally-administered 1–10 μm microspheres composed of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) were specifically taken up into the Peyer’s patch lymphoid tissue of the gut, where those ≥ 5 μm remained for up to 35 days. Microspheres < 5 μm disseminated within macrophages to the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. In contrast to soluble staphylococcal enterotoxin B toxoid, oral immunization with enterotoxoid in microspheres induced circulating toxin-specific antibodies and a concurrent secretory IgA anti-toxin response in saliva and gut fluid.