Further Observations on the Occurrence of Iodine in Relation to Endemic Goitre in New Zealand and on Iodine Metabolism

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Abstract
1. Most artificial manures are found to have some effect in increasing the iodine content of crops, particularly superphosphate.2. Marked differences are found between the iodine contents of Samoan and New Zealand foodstuffs corresponding to the non-goitrous condition of Samoa and the partial endemicity of New Zealand.3. Investigation of the dietaries of fifteen residential institutions showed that improvement in provision of iodine was necessary in many cases by using fish at least twice a week, raising the daily ration of milk to 1 pint per head, and employing iodised salt for table and culinary purposes.4. Dietetic experiments indicate (i) that on a change of diet adjustment of iodine metabolism may take a considerable time, (ii) that iodised salt is most effective in promoting storage of iodine when associated with a meat diet.5. Iodine excretion is found to decrease much more rapidly under fasting than on a diet very low in iodine.6. Iodised salt has the effect of adjusting the excretion of goitrous adults to the normal non-goitrous value.7. The iodine content of the blood is found to be lower than normal in cases of simple colloid and simple nodular goitre, though it may range from low to abnormally high in cases of Graves' disease. In all types of goitre the thyroid gland is low in iodine.8. The ratio of thyroid iodine to total bodily iodine is about 12 per cent. in the case of the white rat under ordinary conditions, but the ratio is found to vary considerably with the iodine intake.9. Great differences in the ratio of the weight of the thyroid gland to that of the whole body are found among different species of animals, the ratio being higher for the dog than for the monkey.10. Variations in commercial samples of iodised salts are recorded and discussed.11. Data are given in regard to the iodine and chlorine content of rainwater in different localities.