A substance P antagonist inhibits vagally induced increase in vascular permeability and bronchial smooth muscle contraction in the guinea pig

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Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve in anesthetized guinea pigs induced a rapid increase in respiratory insufflation pressure, suggesting increased airway resistance. After i.v. administration of a substance P (SP) antagonist, [D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]SP, the insufflation pressure response to vagal stimulation was reduced by 78% while the cardiovascular effects were unchanged. Histamine receptor-blocking agents were used to inhibit the effects of histamine release induced by the SP-antagonist. [D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]SP also reduced the increase in insufflation pressure caused by i.v. SP or capsaicin. The long-lasting noncholinergic contraction of the main and hilus bronchi induced by field stimulation in vitro, as well as the contractile effects of SP and capsaicin, were also blocked by the SP antagonist. The cholinergic contractions and the noncholinergic tracheal relaxation on field stimulation in vitro were not blocked by the antagonist. Vagal stimulation in vivo also increased vascular permeability in the respiratory tract and esophagus, causing a subepithelial edema as indicated by Evans blue extravasation. Previous treatment with [D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]SP inhibited the permeability increase induced by both vagus nerve stimulation and exogenous SP. SP release from vagal sensory nerves was indirectly shown by reduction in the bronchial levels of SP after nerve stimulation in vivo. Apparently a major portion of the vagally or capsaicin-induced increase in bronchial smooth muscle tone is caused by SP release from sensory neurons. Activation of vagal SP-containing sensory nerves induced local edema. Tracheobronchial afferent SP-containing C fibers may thus exert local control of smooth muscle tone and vascular permeability in normal and pathophysiological conditions.