Experimental Brucella Abortus Strain 19 Arthritis in Young Cattle

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Abstract
Several reports have shown an association between lameness in cattle and vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19. Affected joints are culture negative for Brucella, but the synovial fluid is positive for B. abortus antibodies. The joints contain cloudy fluid, with villous proliferation of the synovium. Brucella abortus antigens are often found in the synovium with fluorescent antibody staining. This report describes the experimental reproduction of a chronic synovitis in 6 young Angus steers using intra-articular injections of B. abortus strain 19. The carpal and tibial joints were injected with 5 × 109 colony-forming units/ml of B. abortus strain 19 and regularly biopsied over a 28-day period. Steers started becoming serologically positive for B. abortus on post-inoculation day (PID) 5 and were all positive by PID 7. Joints were cultured and examined by fluorescent antibody staining, immunohistochemical methods, and light and transmission electron microscopy. Lesions typical of the field cases were present by PID 21. Brucella abortus was cultured more often during PID 1–5 (6 of 9 joints) than during PID 7–28 (3 of 15 joints). Brucella abortus was only found on PID 1, and 5 by fluorescent antibody staining and in only 2 joints immunohistochemically on PID 5 and 7. The reproduction of lesions typical of field cases but the inability to locate B. abortus antigens in the synovium raises the question of whether in field cases the synovium is continually or intermittently seeded with bacteria or if factors other than just the bacterium are needed to perpetuate the lesion.