A novel inflammation‐related mouse colon carcinogenesis model induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate

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Abstract
To develop an efficient animal model for colitis‐related carcinogenesis, male Crj: CD‐1 (ICR) mice were given a single intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg body weight) of a genotoxic colonic carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM), and a 1‐week oral exposure (2% in drinking water) to a non‐genotoxic carcinogen, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), under various protocols. At week 20, colonic neoplasms (adenocarcinomas, 100% incidence with 5.60±2.42 multiplicity; and adenomas, 38% incidence with 0.20±0.40 multiplicity) with dysplastic lesions developed in mice treated with AOM followed by DSS. Protocols in which AOM was given during or after DSS administration induced a few tubular adenomas or no tumors in the colon. Immunohistochemical investigation of such dysplasias and neoplasms revealed that all lesions were positive for β‐catenin, cyclooxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, but did not show p53 immunoreactivity. The results indicate that 1‐week administration of 2% DSS after initiation with a low dose of AOM exerts a powerful tumor‐promoting activity in colon carcinogenesis in male ICR mice, and may provide a novel mouse model for investigating colitis‐related colon carcinogenesis and for identifying xenobiotics with modifying effects.