Embolism detected by transoesophageal echocardiography during hip arthroplasty

Abstract
This case report demonstrates embolization of echogenic material detected by transoesophageal echocardiography during a cemented total hip arthroplasty in a 76- yr- old woman without patent foramen ovale. During the placement of the acetabular and femoral components, and during relocation of the hip joint, a “snow flurry” appearing in the right atrium was followed by several highly echogenic and mobile emboli of various sizes, some of them with a vermiform shape 1 to 5 cm long. At skin closure, echogenic material was seen in the right branch of the pulmonary artery adherent to the vascular wall of the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery. No changes were observed in any haemodynamic variable monitored (heart rate, systemic and right atrial pressures). Also, no desaturation was detected by pulse oximetry and blood gases at the time of embolism and there was no decrease in PetCO2. This case report is in line with other studies which failed to show a haemodynamic impact of TEE detected emboli during THA. Ce cas clinique dĂ©montre l’embolisation de matĂ©riel Ă©chogĂšne dĂ©tectĂ© par Ă©chocardiographie transoesophagienne (ETO) Ă  l’occasion de la mise en place d’une prothĂšse totale de hanche (PTH) cimentĂ©e chez une patiente de 76 ans sans foramen ovale permĂ©able. Durant la mise en place des composants acĂ©tabulaire et fĂ©moral, ainsi qu’à la rĂ©duction de la hanche, est apparue une image de « tempĂȘte de neige » dans l’oreillette droite suivie d’emboles vermiformes de taille variable pouvant atteindre 1 Ă  5 cm de long. Durant la fermeture, du materiel embolique a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence au niveau de la bifurcation de l’artĂšre pulmonaire, adhĂ©rant Ă  la paroi vasculaire. Aucune rĂ©percus-sion hĂ©modynamique (rythme cardiaque, pressions artĂ©rielle et veineuse centrale) a n’a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. De mĂȘme, aucune dĂ©saturation dĂ©tectĂ©e par oxymĂ©rie de pouls et gazomĂ©trie artĂ©rielle n’a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©e. La PetCO2 est restĂ©e stable. Ce cas clinique, en accord avec d’autres Ă©tudes, souligne que l’impact hĂ©modynamique des emboles dĂ©tectĂ©s par ETO au cours de PTH cimentĂ©es est faible.