Simple expressions for horizontal electric dipole quasi‐static range subsurface‐to‐subsurface and subsurface‐to‐air propagation

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Abstract
Simple engineering expressions for the quasi‐static fields produced by a subsurface horizontal‐electric‐dipole (HED) antenna have been derived by employing finitely conducting earth‐image theory techniques. Both subsurface‐to‐subsurface and subsurface‐to‐air propagation cases are considered. It is shown that the resulting subsurface‐to‐air propagation field‐strength expressions are the result of simple modifications to the previously derived quasi‐static range air‐to‐air propagation equations of one of the authors.