Transorbital intracavernous needle biopsy in painful ophthalmoplegia

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Abstract
Painful ophthalmoplegia due to lesions in the region of the anterior cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure may elude early diagnosis. Principal disease categories to be considered in patients with this complaint are neoplasm, vascular lesion, and inflammation. Although high-resolution computerized tomography (CT) may be helpful, definitive diagnosis frequently requires histological examination of tissue. In suitable patients this may be obtained by transsphenoidal or orbital biopsy. The orbital fine-needle aspiration technique has been recommended, but experience with this method is limited, and a definitive diagnosis cannot always be reached. The authors have established that, in suitable patients, the fine-needle aspiration technique with CT guidance may also be employed safely and effectively for lesions of the anterior cavernous sinus.
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