Relationship between DDT and pyrethroid resistance inHeliothis armigera(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia

Abstract
From 1974 to 1978 field populations of Heliothis armigera in Australia were strongly (up to 500‐fold) resistant to DDT, but fully susceptible to pyrethroids. Following the introduction of pyrethroids for bollworm control in 1979, resistance to DDT dropped very markedly, but it reappeared in 1983 when H. armigera became resistant to pyrethroids. The evidence indicates that the initial strong DDT resistance was caused by DDT‐dehydrochlorinase, which was subsequently replaced by kdr (nerve insensitivity) which confers resistance to both DDT and the pyrethroids.

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