Scaling exponent of multiplicity fluctuation in phase transition

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Abstract
It is suggested that the study of the multiplicity fluctuations of hadrons produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can be used as a means to detect evidence of a quark-hadron phase transition. In analogy with the photocount problem at the onset of lasing in nonlinear optics, we use the coherent-state description in the framework of the Ginzberg-Landau theory. It is shown that the normalized factorial moments of the multiplicity distribution exhibit a complicated behavior as functions of the resolution scale and parameters that describe the phase transition. However, there is a scaling behavior that is universal, and a scaling exponent can be determined that is independent of the details of the phase transition.