A study of the origin of central Brazilian forests by the analysis of plant species distribution patterns
Open Access
- 3 July 1995
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in Edinburgh Journal of Botany
- Vol. 52 (2) , 141-194
- https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000949
Abstract
The floristic nature of central Brazilian forests, as well as their links to other main forest formations of eastern tropical South America, is assessed by means of multivariate analyses of 106 existing floristic checklists and by the analysis of a series of dot-maps showing the distribution of 55 woody species. Most species of central Brazilian forests seem to conform to two main distribution patterns: (1) species of deciduous and semideciduous forests are dependent essentially on the occurrence of patches of soils of intermediate to high fertility within the cerrado domain and tend to be distributed mostly along a northeast-southwest arch connecting the caatingas to the chaco boundaries; (2) considerable numbers of gallery forest species are dependent on high soil moisture and many appear to link the Amazonian and Atlantic rainforests by crossing the cerrado region in a northwest-southeast route via the dendritic net of gallery forests. Many gallery forest species are habitat generalists, some even occurring in the cerrado vegetation. Nevertheless, significant numbers of gallery endemics are also present. Galleries of the west and north of the Cerrado Province show stronger floristic links to the Amazonian rainforests, while those of the centre and south show stronger affinity with the montane semideciduous forests of southeastern Brazil. Present-day distribution patterns are discussed in the light of the current knowledge of palaeoenvironmental changes in the Neotropics. A natureza florística das florestas do Brasil Central bem como seus laços com outras grandes formaçõs florestais da América do Sul trópico-oriental é avaliada por meio de análises multivariadas de 106 listagens florísticas existentes e pela análise de uma série de mapas de distribuição geográfica de 55 espécies lenhosas. A maioria das espécies das florestas do Brasil Central parece ajustar-se a dois grandes padrões de distribuição: (1) espécies de florestas decíduas e semidecíduas dependem essencialmente da ocorrência de manchas de solos de média a alta fertilidade dentro do domínio dos cerrados e tendem a se distribuir principalmente ao longo de um arco nordeste-sudoeste que conecta as caatingas às fronteiras do chaco; (2) um considerável número de espécies de florestas de galeria depende basicamente de alta umidade no solo e muitas delas parecem distribuir-se das florestas pluviais da Amazônia até as Atlânticas, cruzando a região do cerrado numa rota noroeste-sudeste através da rede dendrítica de florestas de galeria. Muitas espécies de floresta de galeria são generalistas quanto ao habitat, sendo inclusive compartilhadas com os cerrados. Um significativo número, entretanto, é endêmico das florestas de galena. As galerias do oeste e norte da Província do Cerrado mostram uma ligação florística mais forte com as florestas pluviais da Amazônia, ao passo que as do centro e sul mostram uma estreita afinidade com as florestas semideciduas montanas do sudeste brasileiro. Os padrões de distribuição geográfica atuais que emergiram das análises são discutidos sob a luz do presente conhecimento sobre as mudanças paleoambientais nos Neótropicos.Keywords
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