Carbon Inclusion in Gold Electroplate

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Abstract
Using a radiotracer technique, a study has been made of the codeposition of carbon, originating as cyanide, in gold electroplated from an acid citrate bath. The amount of carbon codeposited is substantially increased when cobalt is used as a brightener (0–2 mg C/g Au in pure electroplate and 2·5 mg C/g Au in cobalt brightened electroplate). The carbon concentration varies with plating conditions; the effect of varying cathode current density, cobalt concentration and bath temperature have been investigated.