Culture and Self: Are There Within-Culture Differences in Self Between Metropolitan Areas and Regional Cities?
- 1 July 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by SAGE Publications in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Vol. 30 (7) , 816-823
- https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203261997
Abstract
Although differences in self-conception across cultures have been well researched, regional differences within a culture have escaped attention. The present study examined individual, relational, and collective selves, which capture people’s conceptions of themselves in relation to their goals, significant others, and in groups, comparing Australians and Japanese participants living in regional cities and metropolitan areas. Culture, gender, and urbanism were found to be related to individual, relational, and collective selves, respectively. Australians emphasized individual self more than Japanese, women stressed relational self more than men, and residents in regional cities regarded collective self as more important than their counterparts in metropolitan areas. These findings provide support for the tripartite division of the self and suggest a need to construct a culture theory that links self and societal processes.Keywords
This publication has 21 references indexed in Scilit:
- The development and validation of the Relational, Individual, and Collective self‐aspects (RIC) ScaleAsian Journal of Social Psychology, 2000
- Conceptions of Culture and Person for PsychologyJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2000
- Demographic Correlates of Individualism and CollectivismJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1997
- Who is this "We"? Levels of collective identity and self representations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996
- Self-Concepts Across Two CulturesJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1995
- The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.Psychological Bulletin, 1995
- Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1992
- Changing Family Values in GreeceJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1989
- Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1989
- How the self became a problem: A psychological review of historical research.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987