Hematosalpinx in tubal pregnancy: sonographic-pathologic correlation

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Abstract
Review of sonograms in 84 patients with documented tubal pregnancies yielded 15 cases with discrete, diffusely echogenic, adnexal masses (18%). All these cases were proven at surgery to represent hematosalpinx containing clotted blood. The characteristic sonographic findings in these cases enabled an accurate preoperative diagnosis in 12 consecutive patients. Hematosalpinx containing clotted blood was seen as a diffusely echogenic adnexal mass accompanied in most cases by areas of high-intensity echoes. Pelvic hemoperitoneum (five cases) was diffusely echogenic due to clotted blood, and its recognition enabled evaluation of the upper abdomen for extension of hemorrhage. The echogenicity of the adnexal mass and pelvic hematoma was similar to that of the uterus, resulting in obscuration of its contour. The following sonographic features are characteristic of tubal pregnancy in the proper clinical setting: (1) absence of intrauterine gestation; (2) diffusely echogenic adnexal mass with areas of high-intensity echoes; and (3) diffusely echogenic hematoma in the pouch of Douglas.