Japanese Beetle: Enhancement of Lures by Eugenol and Caproic Acid123

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Abstract
Single lures for Popillia japonica Newman fell into 3 significantly separate attractive classes: eugenol and geraniol; methyl cyclohexanepropionate and phenethyl propionate (PEP); and anethole. These lures mixed with eugenol were significantly more attractive to beetles than when exposed singly, and 2 mixtures, PEP + eugenol and geraniol + eugenol, were significantly more attractive than either component. A mixture of PEP + geraniol was most greatly enhanced by adding eugenol. Its attractancy, on a per-trap basis, was 6.3× greater than the attraction of its components. PEP + eugenol + geraniol was also from 3.2 to 300× more efficient than other lures tested. The addition of caproic acid did not enhance the attractancy of any lures.