Prenylation and methylation reactions in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) synthesis in Capsicum annuum plastids

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Abstract
The biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) was examined using Capsicum fruit chloroplasts and chromoplasts (apparently phylloquinone free). In both cases, the synthesis of phylloquinone from α-naphthoquinone, dihydro-α-naphthoquinone, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (as precursors of the ring moiety) and (S)-adenosyl-L-methionine was achieved. In the presence of phytylpyrophosphate, the biosynthesis of phylloquinone in both organelles is particularly enhanced when 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is used.