Chemical Persistence and Effects of S-31183, 2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxy]pyridine, on Aquatic Organisms in Field Tests

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Abstract
A candidate mosquito larvicide, 5-31183, 2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxy] pyridine, was highly compatible with other organisms in mosquito-breeding habitats. When 5-31183 was applied at a rate of 0.11 kg (AI)/ha (0.11b/acre) (20 times greater than required for controlling Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow) larvae) to rice plots, no detectable residues «0.00005 ppm) were found after 2 d in treated water. 5-31183 did not accumulate in soil, there were no residues «0.005 ppm) after 3 d in fish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque), and the residue on rice plants declined to <0.005 ppm after 7 d. Despite slight induction of morphogenetic aberrations in Odonata at adult emergence and minor suppression of reproductive capacity of daphnoid cladocerans and ostracods, 5-31183 was safe to aquatic, nontarget organisms, including mosquito predators.