The transplacental potential difference as distinguished from the maternal-fetal potential difference of the guinea-pig.

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Abstract
The difference in electrical potential between mother and fetus in the guinea pig was measured. The fetus was 33 .+-. 2 (SE [standard error] of mean) mV negative with respect to the mother. Salts of Br, sulfate, Rb and Li were injected into pregnant sows and blood samples were obtained from the sows and their fetuses at various times after injection. The transplacental electrical potentials at which each of these ions would be in electrochemical equilibrium across the placental exchange barrier were calculated from the Nernst equation and the concentrations in maternal and fetal plasmas. The differences in transplacental electrical potential calculated from the steady-state concentrations of these ions in maternal and fetal plasmas were within 1 mV of zero. These observations are consistent with a very small difference in electrical potential across the placental exchange barrier itself and the generation of a potential difference between mother and fetus at a site other than the exchange barrier.