Novel Materials Applications of Pulsed Laser Deposition

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Abstract
The successful use of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to fabricate thin film superconductors has generated interest in using the technique to deposit thin films of other materials. The compositional fidelity between laser target and deposited film and the ability to deposit films in reactive gas environments make the PLD process particularly well suited to the deposition of complex multicomponent materials. Cheung and Sankur recently provided an excellent review of the PLD field, including a table of over 100 elements, inorganic and organic compounds, and superlattices that have been laser evaporated. Over 75 of these materials were deposited as thin films.The goal of this article is to provide an introduction to some of the newer applications of PLD for thin film fabrication. Four classes of materials are highlighted: ferroelectrics, bioceramics, ferrites, and tribological materials. Ferroelectric materials are structurally related to the high-temperature superconducting oxides and therefore are a direct extension of the recent superconducting oxide work. Bioceramics are dissimilar in structure and application to both ferroelectrics and superconducting oxides, but they are complex multicomponent oxides and, therefore, benefit from the use of PLD. Ferrites, also complex, multicomponent oxides, represent another exciting, but only lightly explored opportunity for PLD. In contrast, tribological materials are typically neither complex nor multicomponent. Nevertheless, interesting structures and properties have been produced by PLD. A few of the more important ones will be discussed. These different types of materials demonstrate the diversity of capabilities offered by PLD.