Poliovirus‐1 adsorption onto and desorption from montmorillonite in seawater. Survival of the adsorbed virus

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Abstract
It is an acknowledged fact that most viruses in the aquatic medium are present in an aggregated form or adsorbed to particulate matter and especially clay matter. This adsorption is a parameter that must be taken into account when dealing with the natural inactivation of viruses in an aquatic medium. The adsorption of poliovirus‐1 in seawater was examined on Na‐montmorillonite. It proved to be a quick (less than 30 min) and mass phenomenom depending on the Na‐montmorillonite concentration. As a matter of fact, whereas more than 99.9% of viruses are adsorbed in less than 30 min in the presence of 500 mg.l‐1 of Na‐montmorillonite, the adsorption percentage under the same conditions is yet around 70% with a concentration of 3 mg.l‐1. A comparison between the survival durations of poliovirus‐1, be it free or adsorbed onto Na‐montmorillonite in a seawater with a salinity of 33 g.l‐1 at 25°C, showed that the survival duration was not significantly increased in the presence of low concentrations (3 and 15 mg.l‐1 of Na‐montmorillonite). Conversely, an increase in the survival duration has been demonstrated in the presence of 500 mg.l‐1 of Na‐montmorillonite. Desorption tests on adsorbed poliovirus‐1 showed that the elution with a 0.1M borate‐3% beef extract buffer at pH 9 made it possible to get an elution of 76% on average.