The wavenumber spectrometer—an alternative to the directional coupler for multimode analysis in oversized waveguides

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Abstract
The problem of measuring a broad spectrum of discrete modes in oversized waveguides is discussed. An analysis of the standard solution, the directional coupler, shows that the measured signals can be ambiguous in mode selectivity and directivity. Therefore we have developed an instrument, the wavenumber spectrometer, where this problem of ambiguity is avoided. The principle of this new instrument ensures extremely high directivity and allows the measurement of all TE and TM modes with the same instrument. Furthermore, the device inherently has a large frequency bandwidth. This wavenumber spectrometer consists of a leaky-wave antenna structure in the wall of the waveguide and of a movable receiver antenna with high directivity. From the radiation pattern of the leaky-wave antenna, as measured by the receiver antenna, the spectrum of the modes propagating in the waveguide is deduced.

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