Vibrational modes, elastic stiffness, and piezomagnetic strain of a magnetized rod

Abstract
Vibrating-rod experiments on Ni samples, excited by dynamic magnetostriction, reveal three fundamental frequencies: two extensional modes and one shear mode. Both the c11, c12, c44 set of microscopic spring constants and the dz1, dz3, dr5, set of piezomagnetic strain constants can be directly evaluated. The frequency changes with a polarizing magnetic field (Δf effect) have been observed for all modes. Suitable elasticity tensors have been written and compared in order to explain the cij variations from the demagnetized state to saturation. The approach aids interpretation of the observed dij changes.

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