Vacuum symmetry and the pseudo-Goldstone phenomenon

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Abstract
In the context of gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breakdown induced by the Higgs phenomenon, a simple theorem is stated which gives conditions under which pseudo-Goldstone particles may occur. These conditions are broader than the occurrence of accidental symmetry and contain the latter case as a special instance. We analyze an example in which the gross features of the vector- and the scalar-meson mass spectra are determined by quantum effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.12.508 © 1975 The American Physical Society