Use of microdilution to assess in vitro antiamoebic activities of Brucea javanica fruits, Simarouba amara stem, and a number of quassinoids

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Abstract
A microdilution technique for the assessment of in vitro activity against Entamoeba histolytica was devised and validated with metronidazole. The test was used to detect the antiamoebic activities of plant extracts prepared from the traditional remedies Brucea javanica fruits and Simarouba amara stems. The activity was associated with quassinoid-containing fractions. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for some quassinoids against amoebae were determined by using the microdilution method. These concentrations ranged from 0.019 micrograms.ml-1 for bruceantin, the most active quassinoid, to greater than 5 micrograms.ml-1 for glaucarubol, the least active compound tested. These results are discussed with reference to the known activities of these compounds against Plasmodium falciparum. Overall, the activities of the quassinoids against both protozoa are similar. The microdilution technique will be useful in the search for novel antiamoebic drugs.