Ion-implanted planar waveguides in barium sodium niobate

Abstract
Planar optical waveguides have been formed in Y‐cut barium sodium niobate by He+ ion implantation.Refractive index profiles have been determined for n0 and ne using our dark‐mode‐spacing reflectivity calculation at 0.633 and 0.488 μm. The profiles are similar to those reported for LiNbO3 with optical barriers having −Δn∼5.5% for n0 and ∼3.5% for ne (at a dose of 3×1016 cm2), and with an anomalous index increase in the guiding region for ne. The sharp modes suggest losses of a few dB/cm, and guide stability up to 500 °C has been determined.

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