Urinary chromium excretion of human subjects: effects of chromium supplementation and glucose loading

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Abstract
The utilization of inorganic chromium by free-living human subjects was studied in 76 volunteers (male, 48; female, 28) who were supplemented with 200 µg of inorganic chromium as chromic chloride or a placebo tablet for 3 months in a double-blind, cross-over experiment. For all subjects, initial mean ± SEM urinary chromium (Cr) level was 0.20 ± 0.01 (range, 0.05 to 0.58) ng/ml and did not differ by sex. Initial chromium/creatinine ratio (Cr/Ct) was 0.15 ± 0.01 (range 0.03 to 0.36) ng Cr/mg creatinine for females and was significantly lower, 0.10 ± 0.01 (range 0.03 to 0.36) for males. Mean urinary Cr level increased to 1.0 ± 0.12 after 2 and to 1.13 ± 0.08 ng/ml after 3 months' supplementation. The Cr/Ct ratio increased to 0.69 ± 0.10 for females and to 0.50 ± 0.04 for males after 2 months' supplementation; values were similar after 3 months. An increase in urinary Cr excretion in response to a glucose load was demonstrated for nonsupplemented normal free-living subjects but not for subjects supplemented daily with trivalent chromium. Urinary Cr excretion after a glucose challenge was not predictable and did not depend on Cr status.