The Carcinoid Syndrome

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Abstract
The carcinoid syndrome is an endocrine manifestation of neoplastic enterochromaffin cells. The humoral consequences of enterochromaffin carcinoid tumors include cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, valvular lesions of the right side of the heart, bronchoconstriction, and facial telangiectasia. Because these malignant tumors grow at a relatively slow rate, the morbidity during much of the illness they cause derives from their endocrine effects, including cardiac valvular lesions, which contribute substantially to mortality. Therefore, at a time when chemotherapy of these cancers is frequently unsuccessful, therapeutic measures that address their endocrine manifestations are realistic.The typical carcinoid tumors that arise from the gastrointestinal tract cause . . .