Spectral irradiance standard for the ultraviolet: the deuterium lamp

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Abstract
A set of deuterium lamps is calibrated as spectral irradiance standards in the 200–350-nm spectral region utilizing both a high accuracy tungsten spectral irradiance standard and a newly developed argon mini-arc spectral radiance standard. The method which enables a transfer from a spectral radiance to a spectral irradiance standard is described. The following characteristics of the deuterium lamp irradiance standard are determined: sensitivity to alignment; dependence on input power and solid angle; reproducibility; and stability. The absolute spectral radiance is also measured in the 167–330-nm region. Based upon these measurements, values of the spectral irradiance below 200 nm are obtained through extrapolation.