Artifact-Free In-Stent Lumen Visualization by Standard Magnetic Resonance Angiography Using a New Metallic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stent

Abstract
Background— Percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale (PFO) is usually performed under x-ray in combination with ultrasound guidance. We tested the feasibility of applying magnetic resonance (MR) guidance for percutaneous closure of PFO in an animal model, thus avoiding the disadvantage of ionizing radiation.