Activation energy for electromigration in Cu films

Abstract
Copper is a possible substitute for Al in very large scale integration interconnects because of its higher resistance to electromigration damage (EMD) and its lower electrical resistivity. In the present work, we report on electrical resistance measurements of the activation energy for EMD in Cu films as determined by an isothermal annealing method carried out under high vacuum conditions. Temperature measurement and control were accomplished by means of a Cu thin-film thermistor. The activation energy for EMD of evaporated Cu films was found to be 0.79±0.02 eV.