Role of direct emission in strong and electromagnetically induced inclusive reactions

Direct emission models which have been proposed for hadronically induced inclusive reactions are tested by comparison with electromagnetically induced reactions. It is found that proton emission in both ($p,p^{\prime }$) and ($\gamma ,p$) reactions is consistently described by a direct emission model. The available ($e,\alpha$) data are sufficiently sensitive to the assumed residual excitation energy of the model that a firm conclusion cannot be drawn for the role of direct emission in fragmentation processes. Predictions for particle multiplicities corresponding to two direct emission models are discussed.