Studies of the Spatial Vectorcardiogram in Normal Man

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Abstract
The spatial vectorcardiograms of 75 normal subjects have been studied and some features of these records are described. The QRS sÊ and T sÊ-loops were found to have only two basic spatial configurations but with a variety of orientations thus giving widely different planar projections and in part accounting for the wide range of normal electrocardiograms. The significance of this and other findings is discussed and certain concepts pertinent to the study of the vectorcardiogram are presented.