Evidence of Energy Transfer from Pair Gadolinium Ions to Other Rare Earths in Yttrium-Gadolinium Oxide Crystal

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Abstract
Energy transfer from gadolinium ions to other emissive rare earths in (Y, Gd)2O3 crystals is investigated by excitation spectra of the rare earth emissions. Noticeable energy transfer from gadolinium ions to Sm+3, Eu+3, and Dy+3 ions is observed when Gd+3 concentrations in the solid solution crystals are over 0.01 mole. The energy transfer to Tb+3 and Er+3 is also observed, but smaller. The evidence of energy transfer is not detected as for Pr+3, Ho+3 or Tm+3. Emission intensities of the rare earths as energy acceptors under direct excitation of the gadolinium ions increase with 2nd power of gadolinium concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 mole. This indicates that the energy transfer arises from pair gadolinium ions. The optimum gadolinium concentration for the energy transfer is about 0.15 mole and this concentration slightly shifts to higher concentration side as concentrations of the energy acceptor ions increase. The transmission of energy involves radiationless process.