Language background classification

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Abstract
The classification of individuals into groups with similar language backgrounds is considered. The use made of Language Background questionnaires is analysed and three criticisms offered. These criticisms concern firstly, the varying nature and range of questions used; secondly, the inclusion of indirect language background questions, suggesting a distinction between the concepts of functional bilingualism and language background; and thirdly, previous methods of categorisation of individuals into groups using language background scores. Cluster analysis is suggested as a method of solving the problem of categorisation. Consideration of approaches to cluster analysis appears to recommend latent class analysis as the preferable method due to its ability to include missing data and its probabilistic structure. As an example, an analysis of the language background of 192 nine and ten year olds is presented using the latent class model. The three group solution is profiled, suggesting the existence of one Welsh group, one English group, and one group who use both languages, English in some contexts, Welsh in other contexts.

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