Volatile Compounds Emitted by Sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Sclerotium rolfsii

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Abstract
Volatile compounds emitted by sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Sclerotium rolfsii were identified by solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography and mass spectometry. Both S. minor and S. sclerotiorum emitted 2-methylenebornane and 2-methylisoborneol. In addition, S. minor emitted mesityl oxide, γ-butyrolactone, cis- and trans-linalool oxide, linalool, and trans-nerolidol. S. sclerotiorum emitted 2-methyl-2-bornene, 1-methylcamphene, and a diterpene with a molecular weight of 272. Sclerotium rolfsii did not emit any of these compounds but did emit δ-cadinene and cis-calamenene. Chemicals emitted by S. minor and S. sclerotiorum were tested to determine if they could stimulate germination of conidia of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite on sclerotia of Sclerotinia spp. Chemicals were tested at 1 part per billion to 100 parts per million, both in direct contact with conidia and near, but not in, physical contact. None of the chemicals alone nor a combination of all chemicals induced germination of conidia of S. sclerotivorum. Keywords: Biological control; Sclerotinia minor; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Sclerotium rolfsii; Sporidesmium sclerotivorum; volatiles; 2-methylenebornane; 2-methylisoborneol; mesityl oxide; γ-butyrolactone; cis-linalool oxide; trans-linalool oxide linalool; trans-nerolidol; 2-methyl-2-bornene; 1-methylcamphene; δ-cadinene; cis-calamenene