A laboratory demonstration of angular momentum mixing

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Abstract
It is successfully demonstrated that substantial redistribution of the angular momentum within a completely liquid-filled cylinder in uniform rotation can be brought about by the induction of turbulent mixing through the resonant excitation of standing inertial waves. This means of mixing is accomplished without significant net circulation in the meridional plane, or strong boundary restraint. Intense cyclonic vortices are created with an apparently high conversion of energy from the inertial wave excited. Visualizations and measurements of vortex strength and circulation distribution are presented and dimensional arguments are applied to interpret from the measurements the partition of the turbulence into relative velocity- and angular momentum-diffusing elements. This indicates tentatively the mechanism responsible; momentum advected by the inertial wave is irreversibly diffused by turbulence of smaller scale. Anisotropy with enhanced radial transport is an essential feature of the nett turbulence in such a mechanism. Similar combinations of large-scale waves and turbulence can be expected to occur in the geophysical situations to which the phenomenon of angular momentum mixing relates. The experiment does not, however, test the effectiveness of isotropic turbulence in the same rôle.