Automatic detection of detached and erroneous electrodes in electrical impedance tomography

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Abstract
One unfortunate occurrence in experimental measurements with electrical impedance tomography is electrodes which become detached or poorly connected, such that the measured data cannot be used. This paper presents an automatic approach to detect such erroneous electrodes. It is based on the assumption that all valid measurements are related by the image reconstruction model, while the measurements from erroneous electrodes are unrelated. The method estimates the data at an electrode based on the measurements from all other electrodes, and compares it to the measurements. If these data match adequately, the set of electrodes does not contain an erroneous electrode. In order to detect an erroneous electrode amongst N electrodes, all sets of N-1 electrodes are tested, and the set with the best match between measurements and estimate is identified as the one which excludes the erroneous electrode. The method was tested on simulated and experimental data and showed consistent identification of erroneous electrodes with those made by experts.