Voltage‐activated proton currents in human lymphocytes

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Abstract
Voltage‐activated proton currents are reported for the first time in human peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes and in the human leukaemic T cell line Jurkat E6‐1. The properties of H+ currents studied using tight‐seal voltage‐clamp recording techniques were similar in all cells. Changing the pH gradient by one unit caused a 47 mV shift in the reversal potential, demonstrating high selectivity of the channels for protons. H+ current activation upon membrane depolarisation had a sigmoidal time course that could be fitted by a single exponential function after a brief delay. Increasing pHo shifted the activation threshold to more negative potentials, and increased both the H+ current amplitude and the rate of activation. In lymphocytes studied at pHi 6.0, the activation threshold was more negative and the H+ current density was three times larger than at pHi 7.0. Increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration to 1 μm did not change H+ current amplitude or kinetics detectably. Extracellularly applied Zn2+ and Cd2+ inhibited proton currents, slowing activation and shifting the voltage‐activation curve to more positive potentials. The H+ current amplitude was 100 times larger in CD19+ B lymphocytes and in Jurkat E6‐1 cells than in CD3+ T lymphocytes. Following stimulation with the phorbol ester PMA, the H+ current density in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cells increased. In contrast, the H+ current density of phorbol ester (PMA)‐stimulated B lymphocytes was reduced and activation became slower. The pattern of expression of H+ channels in lymphocytes appears well suited to their proposed role of charge compensation during the respiratory burst.