An increased frequency of IgE‐producing B cell precursors contributes to the elevated levels of plasma IgE in atopic subjects

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Abstract
Summary: Background: The production of specific IgE, which underlies the allergic response, may be a normal correlate of the immune response to a certain class of antigen (allergens), or could represent a unique response driven by regulatory signals that are absent in non‐allergic individuals. If atopic subjects do possess a regulatory environment favoring IgE production, they may display not only allergen‐specific IgE, but also higher levels of total IgE and higher frequencies of IgE‐producing B lymphocytes.Objective: To address the contribution of antibody‐producing cell number to the circulating IgE titre in atopic vs non‐atopic subjects.Methods: Frequency determination by limiting dilution of EBV transformants and Poisson distribution analysis. Titres of total and allergen‐specific IgM, IgG, and IgE by specific ELISA.Results: In contrast to findings reported by others, the atopic subjects had a significantly higher frequency of IgE‐producing B cells than non‐atopies (0.79% of total Ig‐producing cells, as compared with 0.17% for the control group; P < 0.01), suggesting that one factor contributing to the high plasma IgE titres in atopic subjects is the high frequency of B lymphocytes with the potential to produce IgE. Although only the atopic subjects produced allergen‐specific IgE, the frequency of specific IgE‐producing B cells was undetectable in both groups.Conclusion: Atopic subjects have higher frequencies of IgE‐producing B cell precursors than non‐atopies. A correlation exists between IgE‐producing B cell frequency and levels of circulating IgE.