The Use of Osmotic Shock for the Inoculation of Barley Protoplasts with Brome Mosaic Virus

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Abstract
The infection of barley [Hordeum vulgare] protoplasts with brome mosaic virus (BMV) was greatly influenced by osmotic shock produced in protoplasts. Increase of osmotic pressure of the medium immediately before or during inoculation enhanced infection. The efficiency of infection increased with increasing change in mannitol concentration. When the osmotic pressure of the medium was decreased before inoculation, few protoplasts were infected even though the other conditions were optimal for infection with BMV. When applied after inoculation, decrease of osmotic pressure of the medium had little effect on infection.