Thermal ecology of the mudskippers, Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) and Boleophthalmus boddarti (Pallas) of Kuwait Bay

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Abstract
The annual range of body temperatures (14–35°C) of emergent mudskippers are substantially less than that of air temperatures (10–42°C) as a result of behavioural thermoregulation. In winter, low surface temperatures are avoided by remaining in burrows. Newly emerged mudskippers then bask until body temperatures rise above 14°C before they move onto the mud. In summer, body temperatures are kept lower than ambient by selecting areas where evaporative cooling is high. Body temperatures generally match those of wet mud, which can be 7°C lower than air shade temperatures. The smaller, more terrestrial, Periophthalmus koelreuteri have body temperatures which are mainly lower in summer and higher in winter than Boleophthalmus boddarti.