Antiviral, Anticellular and Enzyme-inducing Activities of Interferons in RD-114 Cells

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Abstract
RD-114 is a human sarcoma-derived cell line which is chronically infected with the RD-114 retrovirus. In a previous study, treatment of these cells with human interferon-.alpha. or human interferon-.gamma. causes a marked inhibition of RD-114 virus production, but the replication of exogenous vesicular stomatitis or encephalomyocarditis virus is not impaired. In the present study, neither type of interferon has strong inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis or on multiplication of the cells. It was not possible to detect a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activity in extracts of both interferon-treated and untreated cells. A low level of 2'',5''-oligoadenylate [2,5(A)] synthetase activity was detectable in extracts of interferon-treated cells. 2,5(A)-dependent endonuclease L activity was detectable in extracts of both untreated and interferon-treated cells. This was probably responsible for the inhibition of protein synthesis observed upon introduction of 2,5(A) to RD-114 cells. In many cells, interferon has been found to induce synthesis of several proteins demonstrable by autoradiographic analysis of slab gels on which extracts of interferon-treated and radiolabeled cells are separated. Using a similar method, no such induced protein synthesis was detectable in interferon-treated RD-114 cells. Evidently RD-114 cells are resistant to most known actions of interferons except for the antiretroviral action to which they are as sensitive as any other cell line.