Abstract
Efforts to contain the global AIDS pandemic have dramatically and urgently increased the need for fundamental information on human sexuality in all cultures. Unfortunately, this crisis has also revealed the deplorable poverty of the cross-cultural research record in this domain. The author focuses on the scientific contributions made by comparativists to our understanding ofboth same-sex eroticism and sexual intolerance and argues that social and behavioral scien tists, including cross-culturalists, need to give higher priority to research on controversial subjects on applied problems and on issues of human rights and social justice, including those related to sexual orientation.