Pleiotropic drug resistance and survival advantage in leukemic cells with diminished apoptotic response

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Abstract
Cell line R9 generated by continuous exposure of MOLT-4 cells to adriamycin was cross-resistant to a variety of unrelated drugs. The following data indicate that diminished apoptotic response was the mechanism of acquired pleiotropic drug resistance: (i) apoptosis was a common mechanism of cell death for agents expressing cross-resistance; (ii) induction of apoptosis by drugs, medium depletion and serum deprivation was decreased in R9 cells; (iii) DNA degradation in apoptotic cells was lower in resistant lines, probably reflecting, a modification of apoptotic pathway in resistant cells; (iv) inhibition of cell division and DNA synthesis by drugs was similar in sensitive and resistant cells. These data indicated a similar level of initial damage, as typical for resistance based on modified apoptotic response. There was no difference inbcl-2 protein level between sensitive and resistant cells. Thus acquired pleiotropic resistance and diminished apoptotic response in R9 cells were induced by a bcl-2-independent mechanism. Surface T-cell antigen CD4 was expressed in MOLT-4 and lost in R9 cells. The role of CD4 down-regulation in apoptosis-related drug resistance remains to be explored. The association between acquired pleiotropic drug resistance and increased survival capacity in unfavorable growth conditions indicated that drug-induced selection of cells with diminished apoptotic response may stimulate neoplastic progression. Alkylating agents induced similar cytotoxicity and only slightly lower apoptosis in R9 cells in comparison with MOLT-4 cells. Our data show that some drugs may overcome acquired pleiotropic drug resistance based on the modified apoptotic pathway.