Modelling of the combining sites of three anti-lysozyme monoclonal antibodies and of the complex between one of the antibodies and its epitope.

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Abstract
Models of the antigen combining sites of three monoclonal antibodies, which recognise different but overlapping epitopes within the ‘loop’ region of hen egg lysozyme (HEL), have been generated from the cDNA sequences of their Fv regions (the VL and VH domains) and the known crystal structures of immunoglobulin fragments. The alpha‐carbon backbone of the structurally conserved framework region has been derived from the IgG myeloma protein NEW, and models for the hypervariable loop regions have been selected on the basis of length and maximum sequence homology. The model structures have been refined by energy minimisation. Both the size and chemical nature of the predicted combining site models correlate broadly with the epitope boundaries previously determined by affinity studies. A model of the complex formed between one antibody and the corresponding lysozyme epitope is described, and contact residues are identified for subsequent testing by oligonucleotide‐directed site‐specific mutagenesis.