Functional variants of IL4 and IL6 genes and risk of tobacco‐related oral carcinoma in high‐risk Asian Indians

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Abstract
Tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers involving Indian males. We assessed the association of IL4 promoter -589 T>C, -33 T>C, and IL6-174 G>C functional genetic polymorphisms with tobacco-related OSCC in Asian Indians. The IL4 and IL6 promoter polymorphisms were assessed in 140 patients with OSCC and 120 normal subjects by PCR-RFLP technique, and significance of the data was determined using chi-square test. The frequency of TC, CC genotype, and C allele at IL4 promoter sites -589 and -33 were higher in patients when compared with controls. Consequently, TC/CC genotypes and C allele at both sites appeared as susceptible. However, IL6-174 G>C single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) appeared to be protective in patients with OSCC. Of eight haplotypes, five were associated with two- to seven-fold increased risk of tobacco-related OSCC. These SNPs further showed heterogeneity among different ethnic population, but their distribution in Asian Indians stand closer to other Asian populations. In this study, IL4-589 CC, -33 CC genotype, and *C allele at both sites appeared to be susceptible, while IL6-174 CC genotype and *C allele appeared to be protective in patients with OSCC; hence, these SNPs may be a potential prognostic markers for tobacco-related OSCC in Asian Indians.