Very early detection of changes associated with cellular activation using a modified flow cytometer

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Abstract
A sample station modification previously described has been redesigned to provide greater flexibility and enhanced performance. The improved modification provides mixing and temperature regulation in a compact unit that mounts close to the nozzle holder for reduced transit times, allowing for addition of mediators to a sample in place on the flow cytometer, with observation of results in approximately 1 s. An electronic circuit activated at the time of injection generates full-scale pulses in the forward scatter channel. This provides the data with a time stamp for direct correlation of injection and cellular response. A detailed description of the modification, performance verification data, and practical applications in the measurements associated with cellular activation are presented.