Environmental Factors Influencing Numbers of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii and Its Bacteriophages in Two Field Soils

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Abstract
Fluctuations in numbers of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii and its bacteriophages in two fields with different soil types were followed during a 17-month period in 1981 and 1982. Mean levels of both phage and rhizobia varied significantly ( P < 0.05) on different occasions, with rhizobial levels varying from 1.6 × 10 2 to 2.0 × 10 4 cell per g of soil and phage from 0 to 1.7 × 10 4 PFU/g of soil. Multivariate regression analysis showed rhizobial levels to be significantly and positively related to vegetation height and solar radiation, but not to mean temperature, precipitation, soil matric potential, or soil type. Rhizobiophage concentrations were significantly and positively related to soil matric potential and vegetation height. They were reduced in the silty clay loam soil, although the presence of 34% clay did not prevent phage multiplication and the occurrence of high phage levels.